Airplane Refueling - Fueling an airplane is very similar to fueling a car. The question is whether it is necessary to refuel every time the plane lands - this page explains how it all works.
There are two ways to refuel an airplane. Jet fuel refueling is mostly done using a sprinkler and a so-called "hydrant pit". The hydrant pit is where passengers enter through the gate and where cargo and food are loaded on board. You are at the airport. The piping system is under the hydrant pit. A special vehicle known as a "distributor" connects the hose to the sump hydrant. The other end of the hose is connected to the part of the plane for the fuel pump. This is what the server looks like:
Airplane Refueling
Location of filler cap There are 2 hydrant pits on each aircraft stand. They are on the left and right side of the plane. Sometimes an airplane will have a "plug" only on the left or right side, like a car; or the plane will be fueled on one side with food loaded on the other. It is useful to be able to reset the plane on the most comfortable side. There are hydrant pits in the ground at almost every stop where passengers can get off using a passenger bridge. The only exception is door C4, because there is a cargo cellar underneath.
Facts About Refueling Airplanes
Hangars that are not connected to the terminal by a passenger bridge - where passengers exit via stairs - do not always have a hydrant pit. This means that these planes will consume fuel. They attach their hose to the wing and can refuel the plane directly.
Paying at the pump is the analogy between putting fuel on an airplane or a car that doesn't stop at the filter cap. Many fuel suppliers have agreements with airlines to refuel their aircraft. There are three different kitchen facilities at Schiphol. They use a donation system, just like when you fill up your car at a gas station - except the pilots don't have to pay at the pump.
To refuel or not to refuel? Cars don't need to be refueled after a short trip, and airplanes don't. If you still have enough fuel, you can also go without fuel and take the passengers directly to their destination.
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Have you ever wondered how a commercial airliner refuels? I recently visited JFK and saw the refueling of a large commercial twinjet from the time the plane arrived until it refueled on its transatlantic flight.
Jet fuel is mainly diesel. It is also known as kerosene, one of the two types of diesel fuel. The fuel used in the US and Canada is Jet-A and in the rest of the world Jet A-1. (More on jet fuel here.)
At airport terminals, this crude oil is loaded into large trucks far from the airport, often several kilometers. Airports have so-called "fuel tanks" or large tanks where fuel is stored.
You can see the JFK Fuel Farm when you arrive or take the Air Train. JFK himself gets his fuel through a 40-mile pipeline that runs underground from a plant in Linden, New Jersey. The pipes are three feet underground. JFK has a fuel capacity of 32 million gallons and ships up to 4.675 million gallons of fuel
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From these tanks, the fuel is added to the gate through a pipeline that runs under the taxiways to the gate. The oil is pumped into the hydrant, unlike an underground fire hydrant. However, it is covered by a support aluminum cover.
A hydrant supplier—essentially a truck with equipment on a chassis—connects to underground hydrants near the aircraft, and an orange flag is attached for maximum visibility.
You'll know it when you see it: it's protected in FLAMMABLE, NON-SMOKING and JET-A - the letters themselves are legal size. This machine also filters the oil for water and other impurities before it is pumped into the wings. And essentially, like a fuel pump at a gas station, it has a scale where airlines can track the precious dollars that are pumped into the plane. However, it is cheaper than what goes into your car at about $1.90 per gallon. Good thing when there are about 50,000 gallons that fit into a Boeing 777.
The boat was pointed at the ramp, left the terminal, and under way. The policy is for the truck to be positioned so that the operator can leave the fuel stop immediately in the forward direction in an emergency - no change.
The History Of Air Refueling
Airplanes flying through the air generate electricity, and the fuel that is carried in a high-speed airplane does the same. Accordingly, one of the first steps for pumping oil is to ground the truck. This is done by a cable attached to the aircraft's landing gear.
The operator connected the truck's pump to the hydrant. They then lift up to attach the truck to the bottom of the plane, a process called bonding.
The operator takes the dead line, which is an automatic stop, like when you press the latch on the gas handle when you fill up your car. The pressure from the hydrant alone is enough to force the fuel up into the plane; The truck will not draw fuel for itself. You will notice in the photo above that there are two ropes attached to the plane; this increases the rate at which fuel is pumped into the aircraft. On a large ocean-going aircraft, two cars can be fueled at once.
Flight fueling takes about 45 minutes to an hour and the process starts no later than 90 minutes before the flight. (In 80 minutes, the flight operations team will call the fuel tank team to check; screw yourself!)
Aerial Aircraft Refueling (in Air)
Generally, if the aircraft is at a gate where power is available from the hydrant system, the aircraft fuel station will be connected to the hydrant system. But sometimes the planes stop at the gate where there is no fuel supply. Therefore, a tank car is needed.
At the same time, the fuel needs to be emptied from the plane from time to time - and it can only go into the tank. This occurs when the plane carries more passengers or cargo than planned and needs to be unloaded, or when the cargo is less than expected. In another example, an airplane is sometimes refueled if air traffic control decides that the weather at the destination airport may require a longer takeoff time. But if the weather takes a turn for the better, the fuel can be unloaded to avoid lugging around with all that extra weight.
In the US, jet fuel is measured in pounds, while in the rest of the world jet fuel is measured in kilograms. The US airline industry knows this all too well. (You can read about Gimli's glider taking only 4,000 pounds of fuel instead of the 20,000 pounds needed, directly due to a shipping error.)
The plane I saw being refueled was from a plane that had crossed the ocean. It arrived with 9,400 kilos of fuel. The fuel guard estimates that you need at least 20,000 kilos of fuel - a calculation because you have just started fueling. The operator will start the oiling process first and will not care much about the final number. There is plenty of time for that.
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Under the wing (and also on the belly of the aircraft) there is an LED panel showing the fuel on board and the amount of fuel required, which is already done by the ground operations team based on the recommendations of the flight dispatch team . . This dispatch team evaluates the performance of the aircraft based on wind, temperature, expected route, passenger and cargo.
In this case, the Airbus A330 was refueled until it had 36,000 kilos of fuel on board and sent on its way back across the Atlantic.
Mike Arnot is the founder of Boarding Pass NYC, a New York-based travel brand and airline marketing consultant, neither of which is featured in this article.
Mike Arnot is the founder of Boarding Pass NYC, a New York-based travel brand and airline marketing consultant. A private pilot who is occasionally seen on the skies of New York.
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